> ## Documentation Index
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> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Obvody AC s indukčností a kapacitou

## Obvody s cívkou

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-8.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=7259b260cedbc64ce2bef1939bd15eef" alt="obvod s civkou" width="114" height="121" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-8.png" />

$i(t) = I_m \cdot \sin{\omega t}$ $u(t) = U_m \cdot \sin{(\omega t + \frac{\pi}{2})} = U_m \cdot \cos{\omega t}$

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-7.jpg?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=9974e11acd427698cd3b02c94f9e4568" alt="graf civka" width="157" height="127" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-7.jpg" />

* Proud se zpožďuje v důsledku vlastní indukce cívky o $\frac{1}{4}T$

::: tip Induktance Zavedeme veličinu: $X_L = \frac{U}{I} = \frac{U_m}{I_m}$ odpovídající odporu

$[X_L] = \Omega$ :::

* induktance $\rightarrow$ závisí na frekvenci $f$ a indukčnosti cívky $L$

$X_L = \omega \cdot L = 2 \pi f \cdot L$

::: details Někdy se $R = X_R$ - resistance :::

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-4.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=71dabd28bd00fab8164f8b7dfbc074ee" alt="fázor cívky" width="179" height="62" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-4.png" />

$\Delta \varphi = \frac{\pi}{2}$

## Obvody s kapacitorem

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-2.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=e39d76b0b4c6faf742cdeead3c02f64b" alt="obvod s kapacitorem" width="114" height="121" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-2.png" />

$i(t) = I_m \cdot \sin{\omega t}$ $u(t) = U_m \cdot \sin{(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{2})} = -U_m \cdot \cos{\omega t}$

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-3.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=d807cd3950de87517ac18ae12bd91173" alt="graf kapacitor" width="180" height="148" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-3.png" />

* Napětí se zpožďuje za proudem o $\frac{1}{4}T$ (nabití desek a vytvoření el. pole kapacitoru)

::: tip Kapacitance Zavedeme veličinu: $X_C = \frac{U}{I} = \frac{U_m}{I_m}$ odpovídající odporu

$[X_C] = \Omega$ $X_C = \frac{1}{\omega \cdot C} = \frac{1}{2 \pi f \cdot C}$ :::

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-5.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=a5c48e652ff14897f046e4b1ecffe655" alt="fázor kapacitoru" width="177" height="60" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-5.png" />

$\Delta \varphi = -\frac{\pi}{2}$

## Obrázek celkového fázoru

<img src="https://mintcdn.com/hogofogo0-cheesecakecorp-org-1857426d/nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ/school/physics/ac/circuits/image-6.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=nKnamZAmXf4-8xjJ&q=85&s=a6357fe02a8827a31ff3bd4f890a6d3e" alt="fazor celkem" width="1927" height="1038" data-path="school/physics/ac/circuits/image-6.png" />


## Related topics

- [Sériový RLC obvod AC](/school/physics/ac/circuits/circuit_RLC.md)
- [Obvody AC s rezistorem](/school/physics/ac/circuits/circuit_basics.md)
